Proyecto de un sistema mecanico para el transporte y alimentación al proceso de molienda de Carbon mineral usado como combustible industrial

OBJETIVO DE ESTA TESIS ES EL DESARROLLO DEL PROYECTO MECANICO DE SUN SISTEMA PARA LA TRANSPORTACION Y ALIMENTACION DEL CARBON DESDE LA SALA DE ALMACENAMIENTO HACIA LA MOLIENDA, CON UNA CAPACIDAD DE 100 TONELADAS POR HORA. TRATA ACERCA DEL CARBON VEGETAL COMO COMBUSTIBLE. SE TRATAN LOS SITEMAS DE TRANSPORTACION, ALIMENTACION Y EL ENSAMBLE DE ESTOS, EN CADA SISTEMA HUBO QUE DISEÑAR CIERTOS EQUIPO. SE CONSIDERARON CARACTERISTICAS DEL MATERIAL. SE DESCRIBE LOS REQUERIMIENTOS Y SISTEMAS PARA AUTOMATIZAR EL PROCESO DE TRANSPORTE Y ALIMENTACION. SE PRESENTA EL ANALISIS DE COSTO, COSTOS DE FABRICACION Y LA PUESTA EN MARCHA

Labranza de suelos y niveles de fertilización nitrogenada en el rendimiento del cultivo de trigo, Pampa del Arco - Ayacucho, Perú

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Ingenieria AgrícolaEl presente trabajo de investigación se realizó en el Centro Experimental de Pampa del Arco de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga durante los meses de enero a mayo del 2016¸ El experimento se instaló dentro de un diseño experimental de parcela dividida, donde las parcelas se ubicaron en los métodos de labranza mecanizada: a) arado de discos y polirrastra, b) polirrasta y polirrastra y c) solamente polirrastra. En las sub parcelas la fertilización nitrogenada: a) 0 N, b) 40 N, c) 80 N y d) 120 N. La combinación de los niveles de los factores se instaló en tres bloques. Donde se evaluó los parámetros agronómicos importantes para el rendimiento del cultivo de trigo, entre ellos: La longitud de tallos, númerode espigas por m2, precocidad del cultivo, peso de 1000 semillas, número de grano por espiga y elpeso hectolitrito; teniéndose una alta significación estadística en los factores labranza de suelos y la dosis de fertilización nitrogenada para los parámetros agronómicos en estudio. Se evaluó la influencia de los métodos de labranza mecanizada y diferentes niveles de fertilización nitrogenada en el rendimiento y rentabilidad del cultivo de trigo bajo condiciones de secano. La buena labranza de suelo y un alto nivel de fertilización nitrogenada ofrece buenas condiciones de desarrollo a la planta y en una mejor calidad del grano; en la preparación del suelo con arado de discos y con una pasada de polirrastra en el tapado de semilla y dosificando 120 kg.ha-1 de Nitrógeno se tuvo el mayor rendimiento de trigo con 3860.3kg.ha-1 y una rentabilidad económica de 187%; mientras en el tratamiento con labranza cero (Sin labranza primaria) y sin aplicar la fertilización nitrogenada el rendimiento de trigo fue 1257.8kg.ha-1 y una rentabilidad de 23%.The present research was carried out at the Experimental Center of Pampa del Arco of the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences of the National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga during the months of January to May of 2016. The experiment was installed within an experimental design of divided plot, where the plots were located in the methods of mechanized tillage: a) disc plow and heavy dredge, b) heavy dredge and another heavy dredge pass and c) only heavy dredge for the seed cover. In the subplots nitrogen fertilization: a) 0 N, b) 40 N, c) 80 N and d) 120 N. The combination of factor levels was installed in three blocks. Where it was evaluated the agronomic parameters important for the yield of the wheat crop, among them: The length of stems, number of spikes per m2, precocity of the crop, weight of 1000 seeds, number of grain per ear and the weight hectolitrito; with a high statistical significance in the soil tillage factors and the nitrogen fertilization dose for the agronomic parameters under study. The influence of mechanized tillage methods and different levels of nitrogen fertilization on the yield and yield of the wheat crop under rainfed conditions were evaluated. The good soil tillage and a high level of nitrogen fertilization offer good development conditions to the plant and a better quality of the grain; in the preparation of the disc-plowed soil and with a heavy trawling course in the seed cover and dosing 120 kg.ha-1 of Nitrogen, had the highest wheat yield with 3860.3 kg.ha-1 and an economical yield of 187%; while in the zero-tillage treatment (without primary tillage) and without applying nitrogen fertilization the yield of wheat was 1257.8 kg.ha-1 and a yield of 23%.Tesi

Putative LysM Effectors Contribute to Fungal Lifestyle

Fungal LysM effector proteins can dampen plant host–defence responses, protecting hyphae from plant chitinases, but little is known on these effectors from nonpathogenic fungal endophytes. We found four putative LysM effectors in the genome of the endophytic nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc123). All four genes encoding putative LysM effectors are expressed constitutively by the fungus. Additionally, the gene encoding Lys1—the smallest one—is the most expressed in banana roots colonised by the fungus. Pc123 Lys1, 2 and 4 display high homology with those of other strains of the fungus and phylogenetically close entomopathogenic fungi. However, Pc123 Lys3 displays low homology with other fungi, but some similarities are found in saprophytes. This suggests evolutionary divergence in Pc123 LysM effectors. Additionally, molecular docking shows that the NAcGl binding sites of Pc123 Lys 2, 3 and 4 are adjacent to an alpha helix. Putative LysM effectors from fungal endophytes, such as Pc123, differ from those of plant pathogenic fungi. LysM motifs from endophytic fungi show clear conservation of cysteines in Positions 13, 51 and 63, unlike those of plant pathogens. LysM effectors could therefore be associated with the lifestyle of a fungus and give us a clue of how organisms could behave in different environments.This research was funded by European Project H2020 MUSA, Grant Number 727624

Chitosan and nematophagous fungi for sustainable management of nematode pests

Plants are exposed to large number of threats caused by herbivores and pathogens which cause important losses on crops. Plant pathogens such as nematodes can cause severe damage and losses in food security crops worldwide. Chemical pesticides were extendedly used for nematode management. However, due to their adverse effects on human health and the environment, they are now facing strong limitations by regulatory organisations such as EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative and efficient control measures, such as biological control agents or bio-based plant protection compounds. In this scenario, chitosan, a non-toxic polymer obtained from seafood waste mainly, is becoming increasingly important. Chitosan is the N-deacetylated form of chitin. Chitosan is effective in the control of plant pests and diseases. It also induces plants defence mechanisms. Chitosan is also compatible with some biocontrol microorganisms mainly entomopathogenic and nematophagous fungi. Some of them are antagonists of nematode pests of plants and animals. The nematophagous biocontrol fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia has been widely studied for sustainable management of nematodes affecting economically important crops and for its capability to grow with chitosan as only nutrient source. This fungus infects nematode eggs using hyphal tips and appressoria. Pochonia chlamydosporia also colonizes plant roots endophytically, stimulating plant defences by induction of salicylic and jasmonic acid biosynthesis and favours plant growth and development. Therefore, the combined use of chitosan and nematophagous fungi could be a novel strategy for the biological control of nematodes and other root pathogens of food security crops.This research was funded by PID2020-119734RB-I00 Project from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and by European Project H2020 MUSA no. 727624

Ultrasonic assisted polyol-reduction of HAuCl4 for nanoparticle decoration of multiwall carbon nanotubes

The decoration of carbon nanotubes with metallic nanoparticles has been extensively studied for different systems. Despite the fact that several routes are available for the production of these heterostructures, their complexity and large amount of different reagents severely hinder their applicability. In this study, we propose an alternative route based on an ultrasonic assisted polyol reduction, which requires lower temperatures and amount of reagents when compared to traditional methodologies. Furthermore, the used solvent (ethylene glycol) is more environmentally friendly than other common reagents, resulting in a less aggressive process. Weobserved that the proposed route provides the possibility of straightforwardly tune the final nanoparticle size by controlling simple parameters such as exposure time and relative reagent concentrations. Moreover, the influence of the bath temperature has been studied, finding an upper limit of 50 °Cfor the proposed methodology

Influence of the Reinforcement Distribution and Interface on the Electronic Transport Properties of MWCNT-Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites

The transition towards an electricity-driven world is testing electrical contact materials to their limits. Specifically, new alternatives are needed where composites that sacrificed conductivity in exchange for reduced weldability and higher heat dissipation sufficed. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have the potential to close the gap as ideal fillers due to their outstanding intrinsic properties, pushing the application limits further. However, the reported electrical conductivity measurements showed no clear tendency. In the present study we attempt to shed some light on this matter by focusing on the causes behind those results. We observed that the addition of 1 wt. % CNT improves the conductivity of nickel, followed by a drop for higher concentrations, measured by 4-point probe testing. Six nanotube orientation models describing different CNT arrangements were contrasted to the experimental data. Corrected values for nickel and CNT resistivities effectively place that of the composites close to the models, providing indications of a preferential orientation. We conclude that, in contrast to what is widely reported, the main contributing factors to the resistivity are inter-tube coupling, porosity and interfacial scattering, whereas clustering marginally influences the behaviour

Molecular Mechanisms of Chitosan Interactions with Fungi and Plants

Chitosan is a versatile compound with multiple biotechnological applications. This polymer inhibits clinically important human fungal pathogens under the same carbon and nitrogen status as in blood. Chitosan permeabilises their high-fluidity plasma membrane and increases production of intracellular oxygen species (ROS). Conversely, chitosan is compatible with mammalian cell lines as well as with biocontrol fungi (BCF). BCF resistant to chitosan have low-fluidity membranes and high glucan/chitin ratios in their cell walls. Recent studies illustrate molecular and physiological basis of chitosan-root interactions. Chitosan induces auxin accumulation in Arabidopsis roots. This polymer causes overexpression of tryptophan-dependent auxin biosynthesis pathway. It also blocks auxin translocation in roots. Chitosan is a plant defense modulator. Endophytes and fungal pathogens evade plant immunity converting chitin into chitosan. LysM effectors shield chitin and protect fungal cell walls from plant chitinases. These enzymes together with fungal chitin deacetylases, chitosanases and effectors play determinant roles during fungal colonization of plants. This review describes chitosan mode of action (cell and gene targets) in fungi and plants. This knowledge will help to develop chitosan for agrobiotechnological and medical applications.This work was supported by European Project H2020 MUSA 727624

Anticonception as prevention of complications for chronic diseases associated with pregnancy.

Introducción: Las enfermedades crónicas son padecimientos de larga duración, según la OMS indicó que cada día mueren a nivel mundial 830 mujeres por enfermedades crónicas relacionadas con el embarazo o el parto, considerándose uno de los problemas de salud pública. Objetivo. Identificar los métodos anticonceptivos como prevención en las complicaciones por enfermedades crónicas asociadas al embarazo en las pacientes del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo del 2018 – 2019. Método. El diseño y tipo de la investigación fue cuantitativa, de tipo retrospectiva, transversal y descriptiva, la población fue de 83 casos, mientras que la muestra se escogieron 47 casos de mujeres embarazadas con diagnóstico de enfermedades crónicas, entre mayo del 2018 a mayo del 2019, como instrumento se utilizó una ficha de recolección de datos validada por juicio de expertos.  Resultados. Los métodos anticonceptivos mayormente utilizados fueron los métodos inyectables (21,3%), pastillas (14,9%), rango de edad; de 35 a 44 años (46,8%), el nivel de instrucción; secundaria (48,9%), grupo étnico; mestiza (44,7%), Lugar de residencia; Guayaquil (44,7%), Enfermedad crónica, Insuficiencia renal crónica en hemodiálisis 12,8% al igual que la Hipertensión arterial crónica, Número de embarazo frecuente; 3er embarazo (34%), años de padecimiento con la condición clínica; 0 a 3 años (63,8%), Complicación médica; Síndrome HELLP (38,3%), uso de métodos anticonceptivos recomendado por el médico tratante; si el (27,7%) y no el (72,3%). Conclusión. La población estudiada, reconoce que el nivel de conocimiento sobre los métodos anticonceptivos fue regular, ya que muchas no lo aplicaban y si lo empleaba de la forma inadecuada.Introduction: Chronic diseases are long-term illnesses, according to the WHO indicated that 830 women die every day worldwide due to chronic diseases related to pregnancy or childbirth, being considered one of the public health problems. Objective. Identify contraceptive methods as prevention in complications due to chronic diseases associated with pregnancy in patients of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital from 2018 - 2019. Method. The design and type of the research was quantitative, retrospective, transversal and descriptive, the population was 83 cases, while the sample was chosen 47 cases of pregnant women with a diagnosis of chronic diseases, between May 2018 to May 2019 As an instrument, a data collection sheet validated by expert judgment was used. Results The most commonly used contraceptive methods were injectable methods (21.3%), pills (14.9%), age range; from 35 to 44 years (46.8%), the level of instruction; secondary (48.9%), ethnic group; mestizo (44.7%), place of residence; Guayaquil (44.7%), Chronic disease, Chronic renal failure on hemodialysis 12.8% as well as chronic arterial hypertension, Frequent pregnancy number; 3rd pregnancy (34%), years of suffering with the clinical condition; 0 to 3 years (63.8%), medical complication; HELLP syndrome (38.3%), use of contraceptive methods recommended by the attending physician; if (27.7%) and not (72.3%). Conclusion. The population studied recognizes that the level of knowledge about contraceptive methods was regular, since many did not apply it and if they used it improperly

3D litho-constrained inversion model of southern Sierra Grande de San Luis: New insights into the Famatinian tectonic setting

Unravelling the orogenic structure of the Sierra Grande de San Luis (Argentina) is essential to understand the geological evolution of the Famatinian orogen and the western margin of Gondwana. However, its structural organization is still poorly known and widely debated. In this contribution, a new interpretation of the complex geological structures in the southern sector of the Sierra Grande de San Luis is presented. This work is based on a litho-constrained joint inversion of gravity and magnetic datasets combining lithological, structural and rock properties information. Results are consistent with a large-scale doubly-vergent structure caused by a compressional tectonic setting as a consequence of the collision between an allochthonous terrane (Cuyania/Precordillera) and the proto margin of Western Gondwana. A convex morphology of the indenter is proposed to be responsible for producing a significant clockwise rotation of the horizontal deviatoric stresses. This stress field caused a small sinistral component of movement and gave rise to the doubly-vergent transpressive mega-structure.Fil: Christiansen, Rodolfo Omar. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Geofísico Sismológico Volponi; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Geofísica y Astronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Morosini, Augusto Francisco. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Departamento de Geología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Enriquez, Eliel. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Departamento de Geología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Brian Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Lince Klinger, Federico Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Geofísico Sismológico Volponi; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Myriam Patricia. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Geofísico Sismológico Volponi; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Geofísica y Astronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Ortiz Suarez, Ariel Emilio. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Departamento de Geología; ArgentinaFil: Kostadinoff, Jose. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin